Adejumo Isaac O. — новинки

A number of social and physiological problems have been traced to malnutrition as manifested in stunted growth among children, retarded mental development, low resistance to infectious diseases and reduced productivity. The interplay between nutrition and health is accountable for the established linkage between “protein malnutrition and socio-economic well being.” Re-cycling of agro-industrial wastes such as poultry offal and shrimp waste would not only reduce the environmental and health effect on the nation but would also help to reduce the high cost of dietary ingredients and feeding that are associated with intensive animal production systems. This is important in view of the increasing national population, which is not complemented with increased food production. This situation if unchecked could aggravate the national food security problem as livestock and man depend almost on the same sources of feed/food ingredients. Sufficient protein nutrition has been hinged on the availability of meat and eggs. It is not only the availability but that they are affordable. An attempt therefore to find alternative to expensive feed ingredients will bring down the cost of feed.

Sustainable animal production implies a careful balance between the animal’s genetic potential and the quality and quantity of nutrients consumed. For this purpose, an adequate supply of amino acids and a well balanced ratio between protein and energy are important dietary requirements. To maximize nitrogen utilization for meat, milk, eggs and wool production, absorbed amino acids are usually supplied in excess of what the animal can effectively utilize. This is not a serious problem to the animal because excess amino acids will be used as an energy source and the resulting nitrogen excreted as urine. That part of nitrogen which is not retained by the animal for growth and production is released into the surroundings in a potentially destructive form. Nitrogen is one of the most serious contaminants of the environment originating from animal production.

Animal products, especially the two poultry products (meat and eggs) are major sources of protein in human diets. The increasing concern of consumers to the nutritional value of food has awakened the poultry industry to the fact that “all men are grass”. Consequently, the industry is assuming responsibility towards alleviating the health challenges associated with the consumption of poultry products. Hence, the primary focus of this study is to investigate the effect of garlic and ginger mixtures on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of growing pullets. The results of the study revealed that garlic and ginger mixtures at the supplemented levels significantly (p>0.01) reduced the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of the growing pullets. The mixtures however had no significant (P

Graded levels of crayfish waste meal and poultry offal meal were combined to replace fish meal in the diets of broiler chicken. Performance characteristics, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, serum metabolites and haematology of birds were assessed. The results of the studies indicated that; crayfish wastes that were dried immediately after collection had the highest crude protein content. No significant difference was observed between treatment means in performance and carcass characteristics as well as nutrient digestibility at both the starter and finisher phases. All dietary treatments were similar in performance characteristics at the starter phase. At the finisher phase, chickens fed 75%POM,25%FM showed superiority over others in body weight gain. No significant difference was observed with other parameters monitored.

Wastes emanating from poultry processing and shrimping industries in Nigeria are mostly biodegradable and are usually dumped in the open on available land. The wastes being proteins putrify, gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide among others are usually released during the process of biodegradation. These gases contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer and the phenomenon has been a source of concern to the environmentalists because of its effect on the global warming. In addition, the decomposition of these wastes could have significant implications on public health resulting from the growth of deleterious micro-organism during the process. The results of this study showed that combination of poultry offal meal and crayfish waste meal can successfully be used to replace fish meal in the diet of chicken (broiler) without adverse effect on performance.

We have different interpretation of the same law as human, hence the need for the Appeal Court. However, it takes the lawgiver to judge rightly, and that is God, our Judge, our Lawgiver and our King. The law is aimed at punishing the offender but grace works on the offender, and we are saved by grace, because the law could not save. Many people believe that death is natural and inevitable and the fear that they will die someday claims their lives even before their time! Death is not a master of anything but a servant of sin. Although we have no control over the first death, we have the total control over the second death. The second death is not inevitable. Ideally it is laid down for man (after the fall) to die once, anything aside this is abnormal. He is not qualified for judgment who is not qualified by death.

Diversification of the economy away from oil producing and channeling resources to manufacturing and service sectors of the economy including agriculture provides the key to Nigeria’s economic stability. This will ensure that the global shift away from fossil fuel energy sources will not create any significant negative impact on the economy in the future. Nigeria needs to act fast in this regard. Nigeria should pursue rigorously alternative provision of renewable energy sources, for example, wind energy, in line with its growing preference internationally. This will not only provide efficient energy consumption, but will relatively reduce the green house gas emissions. Long term studies on national and regional climate should be embarked upon and religiously pursued. The findings of such studies will be paramount in the formulation of adequate response and adaptation policies such as adequate resettlement programmes for people that may be displaced by climate change, and increase government participation is crucial in the global climate change deliberation.

Dietary fibre was initially defined as the skeletal remains of plant cell in the diet which are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes of man. It is defined as the plant polysaccharides that are resistant to digestive secretions and are potentially available for bacterial fermentation in the intestines of single-stomached animals. Proper understanding of the functions and properties of dietary fibre will guide animal nutritionists, feed producers and farmers during feed formulation. Dietary fibre may also bind / dilute secondary bile acids, which are potential carcinogens. It may also reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals and pesticides. High fibre diets encourage mastication and stimulate the secretion of digestive juices. Dietary fibre (NSP, resistant starch and oligosaccharides), on fermentation by bacteria in the gut, produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gases (acetate, propionate and butyrate) which are important sources of energy for the cells of the colon, maintaining colon welfare.

“This world is indeed a complex small village! How could my enemy become my savior? What a world of mystery!My life is rough but I hope that it would be better some day. I moved from the ladder of ignorance to the valley of deceit, from valley of deceit to pit of sorrow, depression and agony. I almost lost all and attributed the loss to my arch enemy, but when I was faced with him I could not hurt him, because I met him in a community where vengeance was a taboo… "She looked into the vacant, still, warm air and muttered: ‘revenge is indeed painful in the intent, and it is very dangerous in execution; seldom does the axe fall where he who lifted it up intended; and he remembers not that it must recoil against him. In this community, vengeance is indeed not an option..." Indeed, “The man who seeks revenge digs two graves”