Ajay Singh — новинки

In view of fast growing agricultural applications of chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides, the evaluation of their genotoxic potential is necessity to conduct adequate hazard and to produce safer and sustainable aquatic environment. Several classes of fungicides,after surface run-off bioaccumulate in fish and pose to biochemical changes and genetic damages. The micronucleus (MN) assay and Chromosomal aberration test have since many years been applied for in vivo genotoxicity testing and biomonitoring of pesticides toxicity. The standard in vivo micronucleus test is usually performed on fish blood and has become a comprehensive method to assess genetic damage, cytostasis, and cytotoxicity. On other hand Chromosomal aberrations in metaphase also revealed the genotoxic potential of pesticides in tissues. In this investigation, we have tried to inform the possible mechanisms behind the formation of MN, Nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), Nucleoplasmic bud (NBUD), Chromosomal aberrations and other nuclear anomalies. The binucleate/mononucleate ratio in peripheral erythrocytes and DNA damages in kidney tissue expose to fungicides use to evaluate the time and dose dependent response.

The nature and magnitude of important Insects of pigeon pea crop are described in this book. The need to manage these insects to achieve profitable crop production is stressed. These insects are found all over the world, but the principles and methods employed in studying & managing them are essentially the same, regardless of location. A primary focus is placed on the types of damage of pigeon pea insect’s cause to economic crops and how that damage affects yield and quality. A second emphasis the environmental & biological relationship of specific insects. Advantages and limitation for each method are discussed. Environmental conditions influencing the extent of damage are also considered. Focus on characterizing the(H. armigera Hub. and M. obtusa Mall.The infestation study is done on different pigeon pea germplasm during a year. The experiment carrying at C S A University Research farm. In writing certain chapters in this book, this information available for future use.To my colleagues who supplied information and moral support, I am grateful. I especially want to thank Professor Y P Mallik & also thanks to K K Maurya, Nitesh and Shyam jee.

The nature and magnitude of important insect’s pest of Maize crop are described in this book. The need to manage these insect to achieve profitable crop production is stressed. These insect are found all over the world, but the principle and methods employed in studying & managing them are essentially the same, regardless of location. A primary focus is placed on the types of damage of maize insect’s cause to economic crops and how that damage effects field and quality. A second emphasis the environmental & biological relationship of specific insects. Advantages and limitation for each method are discussed. Environmental conditions influencing the extent of damage are also considered. Focus on characterizing the Chilo partellus Swinhoe . The infestation of study is done on different Maize insects during a year. The experiment carrying at N. D. University research farm. In writing certain chapters in this book, this information available for future use. To my colleagues who supplied information and moral support, I am gratefull. I especially want to thanks professor R.C. Sharma & H.M. Singh and Ashok Choudhary.

The snails belonging to the family Lymnaeidae are known to act as intermediate host of both animal and human fascioliasis causes trematodes. Although the snails do not play an active role in transmission of the parasite from one host to another, as insect vectors do it is an indispensable intermediate host for the development of the parasite. The transmission of the infective stage of the parasite is accentuated through shedding of the cercariae by the snail host and the various human water contact activities. Two freshwater harmful snails Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus is the intermediate host of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which causes endemic fascioliasis in cattle’s and livestock in northern part of India. A large variety of domestic animals such as, Cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, horses, donkeys, deer, rats, camels and rabbits, show infection rates that may reach 90% in some areas and consequently leading to significant economical losses annually. In a survey it has reported that 94% of the buffaloes slaughtered in Gorakhpur district (U.P.) had moderate to heavy infection of Fasciola hepatica.

There are a very large number of plants which contain compounds lethal to terrestrial as well as aquatic pests at doses which are some times below those for synthetic pesticides. Use of such products has the additional advantage that these likely to cause contamination of the environment. After all, such compounds are not confined to the plants in which they are found but also possibly get distributed in the environment through air and water. Most of the studies have been done in this area however suffer from one common drawback. While there is much information on the toxicity and lethal doses of plant pesticides, very little literature is available on their mode of action and affect on non-target organisms. For a large number of plants, data from field studies is lacking. Obviously these, substance cannot be put to commercial use without a study of these aspects as well. The freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus are commonly found in Northern part of India. These snails are intermediate host of liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which causes endemic fascioliasis in cattle and live stock population in this region.

Mollusk is the second largest group of invertebrate in variety, after insect, occupying all possible habitats except aerial. Species of the Lymnaidae family as Lymnaea acuminata are known for their role as intermediate hosts in the life cycle of trematode Fasciola hepatica or F. gigantica. They are causing fascioliasis and schistosomiasis diseases in both human as well as in livestock, are wide spread in the world especially in developing countries. The success of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica as a parasite is related its ability to infect and complete its lifecycle in wide range of mammalian hosts. A better way to tackle the problem of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis is to destroy the carrier snails and remove an essen¬tial link in the life cycle of the flukes. This can be achieved with the aid of synthetic molluscicides or alternatively, with molluscicides from plant origin. Plant origin molluscicides are eco-friendly, highly effective, biodegradable and easily available, safe for mankind and environment both. In this study two plants Lantana indica & Alstonia scholaris, were taken to explore the full potential of these local plants against freshwater aquatic snails.

The novel hydrogel were synthesized using the microwave induced method. The cross linked network of gum xanthan acrylamide is synthesized using N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinkers and KPS as initiator. Synthesized cross linked polymer was than characterized by using various methods like TGA, DTA, DSC, FTIR and SEM. Synthesized polymer has application in various field. This polymer was used to study the water absorption capacity from different water crude oil emulsion at various temperature, time and pH.The candidate polymer has been found to show specific water absorption in all different petroleum fraction-saline emulsions as it failed to swell in petrol, diesel, kerosene and petroleum ether and makes it suitable for oil-industry,The polymer behaved as a smart polymer as it showed temperature and pH dependent selective absorptions. The functionalized polymer is thus very important from technological view point