Mangal Patil — новинки

The effect of osmotic dehydration process parameters viz. sugar syrup concentration and syrup temperature on water loss, sugar gain and mass reduction was evaluated to determine the constants of the Azuara model. It was found that the water loss, sugar gain and mass reduction, increases with increase of solution concentration and temperature. The treatment 70 ?B and 50 ?C was found to be statistically significant showing increasing TSS content. Reducing sugar content was found to be decreasing up to 36.70 % shows better results. Ascorbic acid content was found decreased from 3.66-1.12 mg/100g, showing better results.

For proper drainage, it is necessary to know the desirable drainage rate (drainage coefficient), which depends on the rainfall intensity and amount of surface water admitted to drainage system. Direct measurement of drainage coefficient is location specific and difficult for large areas hence an indirect method of its estimation using rainfall analysis is the most suitable approach. The relative performance of 4 probability distributions with respect to Weibull’s plotting position method applied to estimate 1 to 5 consecutive days maximum rainfall has been studied to understand the behavior of these distributions and to assess the reliability of design rainfall corresponding to various return period. Normal distribution with lowest Chi-square value found to be best probability distribution in predicting 1 to 5 consecutive days maximum rainfall for Parbhani.

Prediction of both the volume and rate of runoff from a watershed from a rainfall event is vital for good design of hydraulic structures. There are a variety of methods for the estimation of surface runoff. The SCS curve number is one of the most popular and widely used methods of them. Another popular method for the estimation of runoff is the Green-Ampt method. This study involves the prediction of surface runoff with these two popular methods and the comparison of the predicted runoff with the observed runoff. The study also involves the estimation of subsurface runoff and the contribution of subsurface runoff in the total runoff of the watershed. Thus it is concluded that for the estimation of surface runoff Green-Ampt model is better than SCS curve number model. As the Green-Ampt model is physical based model, it gives close resemblance with observed runoff.

As water for irrigation is a scare resource, its optimization is fundamental to water resource use. It permits better utilization of all other production factors and thus leads to increased yields per unit area and time. Irrigation scheduling is the systematic method by which producer can decide on when to irrigate and how much water to apply. In climatologically approaches, irrigation is scheduled on IW/CPE ratio. In IW/CPE approach, known amount of irrigation water is applied when cumulative pan evaporation reaches predetermined level. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with irrigation scheduling on climatological approach i.e. on IW/CPE ratios of IW/CPE=0.6, IW/CPE=0.8, IW/CPE=1.0, IW/CPE=1.2 and control treatment with six irrigation at critical growth stages of wheat.

The mini sprinkler method of irrigation is recently introduced pressurized irrigation method. The basic objective of mini sprinkler is to simulate rainfall and to apply uniform water to crop. The performance of mini-sprinkler is judged by its uniformity of distribution of water which depends on the proper, efficient and economic design of the system. The important parameter in mini sprinkler irrigation is to optimize the spacing between mini sprinklers for different crops which influences the discharge, uniformity and cost. Considering the aspects and complexity in the management of mini sprinkler irrigation system, present investigation is planned to generate information on the distribution profile, precipitation characteristics and hydraulic performance of mini sprinklers. Thus overall finding reveals that, coefficient of uniformity increases with pressure from 2 to 3 kg cm-2 and then decreases with pressure from 3 to 4 kg cm-2. Accordingly, contour graph results, more uniform distribution with 3.0 kg cm-2 operating pressure as compared to all other operating pressures.

Cucumber is an important cucurbitaceous crop, which play an important role in our diet, due to its high nutritive value. The area and productivity of cucumber is very low, hence to maximize the production per unit of water use, adequate and timely supply of water is crucial one. Protected cultivation is frequently adopted for obtaining higher yield per unit area. The present investigation aimed with specific objectives to work out the water requirement of cucumber under shade net house, to study yield response of cucumber to different shading percentage of shade net and fertigation, to compute water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and to work out the cost economics of cucumber cultivation in shade net house. Thus, the overall findings revealed that, maximum yield of cucumber Var. Gypsy, can be obtained by cultivating the crop under shade net with NPK through drip system.