ANJUM SUHAIL — новинки

Insecticides not only kill the pest insects but also badly affect their natural enemies. Chrysopid larvae are useful predators of various economically important insect pests like aphid, jassid, white fly etc. Toxicity of six insecticides viz., Talstar10EC (Bifenthrin), Endosulfan35EC (Thiodan), Trebon30EC (Etofenprox), Confidor200SL (Imidachloprid), Polo 500SC (Diafenthiuron) and Monocrotophos 40 WSC (Monocrotophos) and two control treatments, replicated thrice, each with two concentrations C1=0.025% and C2= 0.05% was observed against cotton jassid and its predator Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.). Each pesticide was applied @ 1.4 ml on third instar larvae of the predator and known number of jassids with Pottar Spray Tower in three different modes. The experiment was laid out in CRD in the lab. It was found that Monocrotophos and Talstar were highly toxic giving 96-100% and 80-90% kill of the predatory larvae, respectively. Confidor and Endosulfan were proved moderately toxic while Polo and Trebon found to be somewhat selective in their use against the predator. However, all the insecticides effectively controlled cotton jassid.

Substantial difference was found regarding germination between both methods whereas after 90 days all the plant characters except plant height were same in all the treatments under both broad cast and drill methods.Highest mean ear length was found in actara) while lowest ear length was observed in untreated control. Aphid population was lowest on hombre and actara treatments whereas highest aphid densities were found on dividend star and untreated control. Highest number of lady bird beetle populations was found on untreated control and dividend star whereas lowest populations were found on actara. Grain weight was highest in hombre and actara followed by dividend star and untreated control respectively. All the insecticides were also tested regarding yield of crop. Highest yield was observed in hombre and actara followed by dividend star and mixture of actara +dividend star treatment. Lowest yield was obtained in untreated control.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biological control of sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) with an egg parasite Trichogramma chilonis in sugarcane crop. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments i.e. (T1; 30,000eggs/acre, T2; 40,000eggs/acre, T3; 50,000, T4; 60,000 eggs per acre and T5; Control) having three replications each. Experiment was conducted at Chack No.109 G.B. near Jaranwala, District Faisalabad, Punjab. Data regarding mean infestation was recorded at the same time from the control plot and from the biologically treated plots at fortnightly intervals starting from July 15, 2005 to October 15, 2005. The results revealed that the infestation of sugarcane stem borer was reduced up to 84% when Trichogramma chilonis eggs were applied at the rate of 60,000 eggs per acre. So it is concluded that Trichogramma chilonis (Egg parasitized) can successfully be used for the suppression of sugarcane stem borer.

In total 146 species of acridid grasshoppers & locusts belonging to 65 genera in five families under the superfamily Acridoidea. Out of these, two genera Sohanra and Poekilomorpha, and 11 species, viz., Coptotettix spinatus, Hedotettix variegatus, H. mingoraensis, Paratettix femofasciatus, Ergatettix crasipes aff., E. crasipes bengalensis, Dericorys nushkiensis, Sohanra cylindrica, S. spathulata, Kirmania immaculata, Poekilomorpha fasciata are new to science. In addition, 49 species and one family Eumastacidae have been recorded for the first time from Pakistan. The characters of the family group have not been given due to their easy availability in literature, but keys for both higher and lower taxa have been constructed. Only the deviations from the published description and the new characters, if any, of all genera and species are also included. The new species and allotypes have been described in detail. Measurements (max. length and width) of different parts, such as body, pronotum, tegmina and hind femur alongwith illustrations of various taxonomically important parts are also given.

Studies pertaining to the biodiversity of insects associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop agroecosystem were conducted in two successive rice growing seasons (from May to October in 2006 & 2007) in the Kallar tract (consisting of three districts viz., Sialkot, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura) the traditional rice growing area of the Punjab, Pakistan. The studies were focused to collect and identify the insects and compare species richness, abundance and other diversity components of insect fauna collected, by using various sampling techniques, from rice fields (cv. Super basmati) with low input (LIP:organic) and high input (HIP:conventional). The overall conclusion is that LIP organic rice farming system not only produced reasonable rice harvest but also supported a significantly higher insect diversity and abundance, including declined species, than HIP farms. It should, therefore be appreciated, encouraged and popularized to a greater extent by Government, Media and NGOs''.