Shahzad Ali — новинки

A biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.This book describes application of various techniques like polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis for the analysis of these complex molecules and for disease diagnosis.

The present study was conducted to explain various techniques for the extraction and quantification of nucleic acids and proteins from plant materials. Plant samples were analysed in the laboratory for the extraction of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) using conventional methods and then quantification was done using spectrophotometer. Extraction and quantification of proteins was also done using conventional methods.

Biofertilizer are microorganism that helps plants to grow by increasing the quantity of nutrients and mainly associated with the plant rhizosphere. Since these fertilizers contain living microorganisms, it increases or promotes the supply of important nutrients. An increasing number of farmers and agriculturists are turning to the use of biofertilizers, as these are gentler on the soil as against chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are meant to boost the growth of plants and increase the fertility of the soil; however they cause significant damage to the environment. Biofertilizers helps to restore the natural flora of the soil.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a very serious threat to public health. Frequencies of bacterial resistance are increasing worldwide while very few new antibiotics are being developed. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed.Estimation of the main components of a food using procedures that allows a reasonably rapid and acceptable measurement of various food fractions is known as Proximate Analysis of Food (FDA, 2001). Crude estimation crude fat, crude protein, not true value but adequate. It is important in food quality, food processing operations and legal and labelling requirement of a food product (Food Comission, 2009).

Prevalence of tuberculosis in Islamabad area is low and most of the herds were free from tuberculosis. Further, animals giving positive reaction to tuberculin were apparently healthy and their milk was also culture negative. These animals might have been in initial stages of the disease. Tuberculin test provided baseline information about the herd status; however, advanced techniques should be used to confirm the results

The data about the prevalence of hypertension of approximately one hundred patients was collected by interviewing them at Sughra Shafih Medical Complex, Narowal. The data had been analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hypertension by different age groups. The analysis shows the prevalence of hypertension was more in females (64%, n=64/100) as compared to males (34%, n=34/100). Hypertension was more prevalent in age group 38-47 years (32%, n=32/100) and less prevalent in age group 68-77 years (6%, n=6/100). In our sample population the prevalence of hypertension by age group 18-27 years was 13%, age group 28-37 years was 16%, age group 38-47 years was 32%, age group 48-57 years was 18%, age group 58-67 years was 15% and by age group 68-77 years was 6%. Known as “the silent killer”, it may exist for prolonged periods in the individual without symptoms and may manifest only after causing serious irreversible pathology and complications.

Over the last few years, the use of online social networks has increased exponentially,and some of these "virtual communities" are among the most visited sites on internet. With this boom in popularity has also come a need for marketing within these spaces, and very few academic literature exists on how to best utilize this new and budding arena for advertising ventures. This book, therefore provides a newmetric of success for social network marketing, supplemental to the more traditional cost analysis that most marketing developers currently use. This book explain the prevalence of hernia.

The prevalence and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from fish cultured in ponds fertilized with organic manures was studied. Almost the same type of bacterial species were isolated from organic manures, ponds water and organs of fish. Chicken manure supported more bacterial species as proved by its high total aerobic bacterial count than cow manure. Total aerobic bacterial count differed significantly in different organs of fish in three ponds except in case of liver. High prevalence of Aeromonas sp. was found in all systems except in chicken manure treated pond, where Pseudomonas sp. was higher in percentage. Water and organic…

The effect of GnRH and improved diet was determined on serum testosterone level and scrotal circumference of buffalo bull. Two old age and one young buffalo bulls were used. The study was conducted in three phases. During first month only normal diet was given to all three bulls. In second month additional diet with 14% protein and 50g dicalcium phosphate) was given to all three bulls twice a day and in third month, bulls were fed with green fodder and a ration containing 14% protein. GnRH was given to one old age bull at the start of the month and every week to second old age bull for 4 weeks. Young bull was kept on improved diet during third month and no treatment of GnRH was given. Improved diet did not effect on scrotal circumference of old age bulls but in third month, significant increase in scrotal circumference of young bull occurred. Improved diet raised serum testosterone level as was observed in second old age bull but with improved feed plus GnRH administration to old age bulls increased in scrotal circumference was significantly. This increase was more pronounced in bull which received GnRH injection at weekly interval than the one which received GnRH once a month.