Последние тайны СССР – Проект Марс 88

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By the start of the MS 88 project, the ordinary “Molnia” had been traveling to space for almost thirty years.

It was called so because it main task was to put “Molnia” communication satellites into orbit.

The rocket turned out to be reliable and even lucky. It was used to launch automatic interplanetary stations to the Moon and Venus, and also Mars which was much farther.

“Luna – 9”, the first space vehicle that made a non-destructive landing on the surface of the Earth’s satellite, was also delivered there with the help of the “Molnia” carrier rocket, but with an “M” index meaning “modernized”.

8К78М delivered five automatic interplanetary stations to Venus alone. The carrier had an almost 100 % reliability ratio, that’s why it was taken as a basis for the project of a manned flight to Mars.

By the time the project was at its final stage, it just had the recognizable appearance left from the usual “Molnia-M”. Inside, the rocket was more similar to “Mir” space station, and only two stages were left of the standard four.