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8 февраля 2023 г., 21:23
Finally, and above all, taxes were much lower in China, as they were in the Ottoman Empire. The Qing dynasty had practiced strict budget orthodoxy; taxes always financed expenditures, without deficits. Conversely, the European states, beginning with the kingdom of France and the United Kingdom, were almost continually at war between
1500 and 1800, and they accumulated substantial public debts despite high taxes because fiscal receipts never sufficed to cover the exceptional expenses connected with the conflicts.
