Hellenism in Byzantium. The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition

Preface ix
Introduction 1

PART I GREEKS , ROMANS , AND CHRISTIANS IN LATE ANTIQUITY 11

1 ‘‘We too are Greeks!’’: the legacies of Hellenism 13
Classical Greece 14
The Hellenistic world 21
The Second Sophistic 30

2 ‘‘The world a city’’: Romans of the East 42
Becoming Roman 45
The translation of Romania 61
Byzantium as a nation-state 74
The myth of the ‘‘multi-ethnic empire’’ 82
The fictions of ecumenical ideology 100
Where did all the Greeks go? 111

3 ‘‘Nibbling on Greek learning’’: the Christian predicament 120
Between Greeks and Barbarians, within Hellenism 121
The challenge of Hellenism 131
The legacy of Julian 143
Ours or theirs? The uneasy patristic settlement 154
Conclusion: the end of ancient Hellenism 166
Interlude. Hellenism in limbo: the middle years (400–1040) 173

PART II HELLENIC REVIVALS IN BYZANTIUM 189

4 Michael Psellos and the instauration of philosophy 191
‘‘Unblocking the streams of philosophy’’ 193
Science and dissimulation 202
Between body and soul: a new humanism 209
Hellenes in the eleventh century? 219

5 The Third Sophistic: the performance of Hellenism under the Komnenoi 225
Anathema upon philosophy 225
Emperors and sophists 233
Hellenism as an expansion of moral and aesthetic categories 241
Hellenic fantasy worlds: the new Romance novels 256
A philosopher’s novel: Prodromos on religion and war 270
Hellenic afterworlds: the Timarion 276
Toward a new Hellenic identity 283
Anti-Latin Hellenism 295
Ioannes Tzetzes: professional classicism 301
Eustathios of Thessalonike: scholar, bishop, humanist 307

6 Imperial failure and the emergence of national Hellenism 317
Michael Choniates and the ‘‘blessed’’ Greeks 317
Athens: a Christian city and its classicist bishop 323
East and West: negotiating labels in 1204 334
Moderni Graeci or Romans? Byzantines under Latin occupation 345
Roman nationalism in the successor states 360
Imperial Hellenism: Ioannes III Batatzes and
Theodoros II Laskaris 368
The intellectuals of Nikaia 379

General conclusions 389

Bibliography 398
Index 453

ISBN: 978-0-521-87688-9

Год издания: 2007

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