Muhammad Siddique Khanzada — новинки

Wheat Triticum aestivum L. is the important cereal crop and staple food of people of Pakistan. It occupies the first position in area amongst the cereal crops and covers about 65% of food crop area of the country.Cereals constitute a major part of food throughout the world and agro-based industries depend upon their production. Considerable amount of damage in caused by insect pests to stored wheat in Pakistan. The damage caused by insect pest to wheat grain has been estimated at 10 to 20%.Most favorable grain moisture range for storage insect pests is from 12 to 18 percent. It is important to control insect population size before grain is irrevocably damaged by boring, feeding and mold germination.The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium), which originated in South Asia, is one of the world’s most destructive pests of grain products and seeds.It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world.Adult beetles are brownish and 2 to 3 millimetres long. Immature larvae are up to 5 millimeters long and are covered in dense, reddish-brown hair. The eggs of the khapra beetle are cylindrical with one end more rounded and the other more pointed, about 0.7 mm long and 0.25 mm.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important cereal crop and staple food of people of Pakistan. It occupies the first position in area amongst the cereal crops and covers about 65% of food crop area in Pakistan. Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) are cosmopolitan insects that are associated with stored grains. The red flour beetle feed only on flour and broken kernels. In addition to grain they attack dried feeds, dry fruits, pulses and prepared cereal foods such as cornflakes and numerous other stored food products. Flour beetles contaminate wheat and other cereal products by their feces and cast –off exoskeleton. The odors that they leave and discoloration of white cereal products to a dirty gray. Both the larva and the adult cause damage. Chemicals are quite harmful and very expensive and cause many human health problems. Keeping in view the importance of these problems, present studies were under taken as an attempt to find out the inherent and comparative resistance of different wheat varieties against Red flour beetles, which could be utilized in developing wheat varieties resistance against this pest in future.

Pulses belong to family Leguminous and are excellent and an inexpensive source of plant protein.Pulses are major sources of dietary protein in vegetarian diet in our country. Besides being a rich source of protein, they maintain soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation in soil and thus play a vital role in furthering sustainable agriculture.The pulses are attacked by the pulse beetles in the storages i.e, Callosobruchus chinesis and Callosobruchus analis.Among these Callosobruchus analis attack more on Mung. The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Bruchidae)is the pest of mung (Vigna radiata)and other pulses. Both the larvae and the adults cause damage. The larva is recognized by its creamy-white, oval, flabby body. The adult is an oval beetle, somewhat smaller than C. chinensis. The female is chocolate with a black trapezoidal area surrounding by white streaks on the three sides.The male is uniformly chocolate with a tinge of straw. The young larva on emergence bores into the grain and feeds entire contents. Most favourable grain moisture range for storage insect pests is from 12 to 18 percent.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important cereal crop and staple food of people of Pakistan. It occupies the first position in area amongst the cereal crops and covers about 65% of food crop area in Pakistan. Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) are cosmopolitan insects that are associated with stored grains. The red flour beetle feed only on flour and broken kernels. In addition to grain they attack dried feeds, dry fruits, pulses and prepared cereal foods such as cornflakes and numerous other stored food products. Flour beetles contaminate wheat and other cereal products by their feces and cast –off exoskeleton. The odors that they leave and discoloration of white cereal products to a dirty gray. Both the larva and the adult cause damage. Chemicals are quite harmful and very expensive and cause many human health problems. Keeping in view the importance of these problems, present studies were under taken as an attempt to find out the inherent and comparative resistance of different wheat varieties against Red flour beetles, which could be utilized in developing wheat varieties resistance against this pest in future.

Soybean Glycine max (L) Merrill, was first cultivated in china.Soybean is an unique crop with high nutritional value, providing 40 per cent protein and 20 per cent edible oil besides minerals and vitamins.The soybean is a luxuriant crop, soft and succulent foliage attracts many insects and provides unlimited source of food, space and shelter. In Sindh province of Pakistan the soybean is cultivated on marginal scale (44 hectare) and production 45 M.t), however, the crop have use economic importance.About 380 species of insects have been reported on soybean crop from many parts of the world.About 65 insect species have been reported to attack soybean from cotyledon to harvesting stage.The sucking pests viz. Bemisia tabaci (Genn) and Thrips palmi (Karny) cause economic damage. Insect pest complex in soybean cause yield loss up to 24%.The jassid Amrasca devastans (Dist.) is serious pest of soybean, injury to plants is due to the loss of sap and probably also due to the injected toxins.The present study was carried out to assess the relative performance of soybean cultivars against sucking insect pests.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third important cereal and cash crop of Pakistan and World.Maize grains are rich source of carbohydrates, protein, oil and minerals for humans and animals alike. Starch based ingredients have significant value in textile and paper industries in the country. Pakistan is one of the important suppliers of maize starch in the world.The major insect pests that attack the maize crop includes maize aphids, cutworms, stem/shoot fly, root worm and stem borer.The maize stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe, is the most serious one. The young larvae first feed on leaves making a few shot holes and then bore their way downwards through the central whorl, reaching the growing point of the maize plant. As the whorl open more shot holes become visible, indicating an earlier attack and the plant also shows dead hearts.Maize Aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)is attack Young leaves of Maize, Sorghum, Barley, Wheat, and other Gramineae Crops and Tobacco,etc.The leaves may become mottled and distorted. Inflorescenses can become sterile. New growth may remain dwarfed. Heavy attacks cause the plant to wilt and die. These aphids are known to be a vector of virus diseases.