Krishna Surendar — новинки

Investigations were undertaken to study the impact of salt stress (Nacl) in concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of Green gram (CO5, CO6) and Black gram (CO 6, CO 8). Seed germination percentage, seedling growth characters, physiological and bio-chemical parameters were estimated at 10 days after sowing in Petridish. The stress was imposed during sowing time with different concentrations viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 ppm. The increased seed germination percentage was noticed in control (distilled water) treated seeds and very less reduction was observed in T2 to T5 treatments in the range of 11.2 percent over the T11. The highest reduction percent of 35% were observed in T10 T11 & T12 treated seeds. Growth parameters of shoot length and root length were significantly reduced due to Nacl treatments. However among the treatments, T1- T5 showed very less reduction 15 percent than the other treatments whereas T6-T11 recorded highest reduction of 27 percent over control. There was also significantly maintained in the total chlorophyll content Soluble Protein, Nitrate Reductase enzyme activity of the seedlings in the T1-T5 treatments as 12.6 %.

A mineral element is considered to plant growth and development if the element is involved in plant metabolic functions and the plant cannot complete its life cycle without the element. Essential Elements are Necessary for normal growth and development but Non Essential Elements Not Necessary for normal growth and development. Totally 17 elements are essential for plants. The detection of deficiencies and toxicity of particular mineral nutrient element has enabled us to make adequate soil amendments for better plant growth. Physiological disorders of many crops such as rice, pulses and oil seeds have been successfully corrected by using minerals.

Crop physiology is concerned with the processes and functions of the crops at cellular, sub-cellular and whole plant levels in response to environmental variables and growth. In short, physiology is the study of functional aspects of crop plants. This book is published for the purpose of competitive examination preparation like JRF, SRF, M.Sc. and Ph.D. Entrance and ICAR examination.This Book contains four chapters starting from cell organelles, soil water relations, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant mineral nutrition and Plant Growth Regulators.

Banana is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The water requirements of banana vary according to topography, soil, variety and type of climate and type of culture.Banana consumed 2150 mm water to produce higher yield. In banana, the major physiological constraints limiting the productivity of the crop is water deficit. Water deficit severely affects the plant growth and yield, because it deeply reduces the photosynthetic capacity of the banana plants as the crop sensitivity is reflected by reduced greenness of foliage. In accordance with this contention the present study is were made on the screening of banana cultivars for tolerance to water deficit based on morphological, physiological and biochemical changes under imposed water deficit situations.

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture has come into severe criticism by the environmentally conscious people who opine that the increase in agricultural production was achieved at the cost of soil health. Organic farming is not mere non-chemical agriculture but it is a system of farming based on integral relationships among soil, water, plants, soil microflora and overall relationship between plant and animal kingdom of which man is the apex animal. The totality of these relationships is the backbone of organic farming. The principal elements to be considered while practicing organic farming are a) creating a healthy soil b) making nutrient and energy flows in the soil ecosystem c) keeping the biological life in the cycle and d)providing sustainable yield.

Pulses are the most important crops in India because of its low cost and high quality protein. They play a major role in providing a balanced protein component in the diet of the people. Besides, the crops enrich the soil fertility and health in terms of addition of nitrogen and organic matter.Black gram is indeterminate in its flowering and fruiting habits and there is a competition for available assimilates between vegetative and reproductive sinks. There is limitation of source (leaves) particularly at flowering and fruiting stage. Hence, there is a need to improve LAI and LAD. Being a C3 plant, CGR and RGR are relatively less than cereals and the major yield components are pods per plant, seeds per plant and test weight of seeds.Apart from this genetic make up, the major physiological constraints limiting its production is flower drop and fruit drop. This performance of the crops can be overcome by foliar application of growth regulating chemicals at the crucial stages of the crop, which is one of the latest trends in agriculture. The growth regulating chemicals bioregulators can improve the physiological efficiency including the photosynthetic ability of crop.