AYUB KHAN — новинки

Maize ranks 3rd among cereal grown crop in Pakistan. It was grown on area of 1052.1 thousand hectares, with the total annual production of 3593 thousand tones and average yield of 3415 kg ha-1, similarly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa it was sown on about 509.5 thousand hectares, with the total annual production of 957.9 thousand tones and with an average yield of 1880 kg ha-1. Hazara, Peshawar, Kohat, Malakand and D. I. Khan are the main maize growing divisions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Low productivity is one the major concern in most of the field crops including maize crop. Therefore, an attempt have been made to delineate information on improvement of maize yield as the sole solution an enhancing agriculture productivity. The book provide comprehensive information on hybridization of maize crop as one of the most important cultivated plants of the world, which will be useful as decisive aid for teachers, researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as growers.

Pakistan being an agricultural country is facing shortage of pulses. Major pulses grown in Pakistan include desi chickpeas (gram), lentils (masur), mung beans, black matpe (mash beans), and dry peas whole (matter). Other pulses include kabuli chickpeas, and kidney beans. The indigenous production doesn’t meet the pulses requirement of the country. Imports account for about 37% of Pakistan’s total consumption of pulses. In 2010, imports of pulses totaled 445,000 tons, valued at $262 million compared to 280,000 tons in fiscal year 2009, valued at $236 million. The situation is further aggravated due to the mushrooming growth in population and inflation rate. This gigantic drain on our hard-earned foreign exchange resources is a great challenge for agricultural scientists and all allied stalk holders. Among the pulses crops, mung bean emerged a potential pulses crop that can minimize the gap between production and consumption. The book in hand can furnish useful information for agriculture scientists and growers.

The book in hand provide baseline information on rapeseed as important edible oil crop in Pakistan. Edible oil is very important for the development and maintenance of human body. Due to rapid rise in population and living standard of people, Pakistan is facing huge shortage of edible oil for a long time, because the domestic production of edible oil can not meet the requirement of residents. Currently a gigantic amount of about Rs. 224 billion is spent on its import to fulfill the domestic need of the nations. The book can be an asset for the edible oil researchers, policy makers, agriculture students and allied stalk holders. It should in each and every library around the country.

Agricultural production almost needs to double in the twenty-first century not only to feed the growing world population but also because per capita food consumption is expected to increase by half in developing countries. This requires a drastic increase in agricultural production, which is the basis for protein sources. The increase in food consumption including carbohydrates and proteins is due to a universal desire to diversify the diet when per capita income increases. China is the best example, where consumption food consumption has doubled over the last two decades and is still growing. Most agricultural scientists are confident that the world’s population can be adequately fed, and that most food can be produced locally, ensuring the livelihood of farmers and food processors. This requires that agriculture, more than ever before, relies on science and technology, with agricultural intensification as the route to meet mankind’s food and fiber needs. The book in hand can furnish baseline information on biotechnology & its application for enhancing yield with less pressure on the environment. Therefore, it can be useful for Agri. graduates, policy makers etc.

Wheat is one of the major food crop of Pakistan and luckily the geographical position of country make it suitable for its cultivation. But the national average yield is far below the yield of other wheat producing countries. In wheat production, among other constraints poor fertility of the soil emerged the major one. The book in hand certainly provides base-line information and guiding principles on organic and inorganic fertilizer application in wheat. The book will be useful for wheat researchers, planners, students, progressive growers and organization. Therefore, it should be in every agriculture library around the country.

Pulses are an important food stuff and have significant role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in nodules (improving soil fertility) and as a quality feed for milch animals. Mungbean being a short duration crop, can be grown twice a year. It is drought resistant crop that can withstand adverse environmental conditions, and hence can successfully be grown in rainfed areas of Pakistan. Currently low seed yield of pulses in Pakistan is mainly attributed to nutritional imbalance and very low organic matter content. The book contains valuable information on various aspect of seed inoculation, farm yard manure and chemicals fertilizers application to boost up seed production. This book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. Being agrarian country, it should be in each and every agriculture library around the country.

Soil salinity is one of the major productions limiting factor saline soil. In Pakistan about 5.7 m ha have been deteriorated partially or completely by salinity or sodicity. To alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants in salt affected soil, there are two approaches: one to reclaim these soils by applying chemical amendments to make it suitable for good crop production and other is the use of salt tolerant plant species. Tolerance of crop to salinity varies not only among species but also among the varieties of the same crop. The book in hand furnishes baseline information on the subject for the researchers, agriculture graduates and policy makers and allied stalk holders.

The book in hand provide valuable information on genetic diversity, morphological, biochemical and molecular markers of Brassica spp. Brassica is the major contributor in the domestic edible oil production. Currently the national average yield is very low as compared with other rapeseed growing countries around the globe. The domestic production hardly meet 30% of the country edible oil requirement, while 2.045 million tons (70%) is imported from abroad at the cost of about Rs. 224 billion currently. Among the production constraints low potential varieties emerged the major one. In this monograph an attempt has been made to collect Brassica spp. from various part of the country and were evaluated for various important attributes, which can lead us toward self-sufficiency and ultimately prosperity of the country. The book can be an asset for the scientific communities, planners, agricultural students and allied stalk holders. It should in every library around the country.

The book in hand provide valuable information on tobacco, being an important cash crop of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, providing employment opportunity for one million family, gigantic amount of revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Tobacco industry is the largest contributor to the excise duty. The increasing pressure of population and demand due to worldwide price increases make it very important to produce more tobacco and increase the per unit yield. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should be in each and every library around the country.

Crude extract and various fractions thereof of four medicinal plants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provice were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and enzymes inhibition activities. Their anti-inflammatory activity was also tested using in vitro and in vivo models. All the screened plant extracts showed some degree of antibacterial activity. The chloroform fraction of Valeriana wallichii and Xanthium strumarium revealed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri, respectively. The n-hexane fraction of Valeriana wallichii showed strong antifungal activity against Microsporum canis. Chloroform fraction of Xanthium strumarium depicted 100% insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus analis. The ethylacetate and chloroform fractions of Duchesnea indica exhibited significant phytotoxicity against Lemna minor plant. The methanol extract of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. These extracts can be a significant source for potential new lead compounds if further investigated

Maize is the third important cereal crop in Pakistan after wheat and paddy. It is cultivated widely in the temperate, tropical and sub-tropical areas in the world. But, its function adversely affected by intense temperature and less humidity environments, gives rise to interfere in efficient pollination and resulted in failure in proper grain synthesis. In Pakistan the average production of maize is less than other maize growing countries of the world. The less production of maize is not because of cultivar but it was because of insufficient supply of water and nutrients, which are basic needs for getting greater production, and our soils and environmental conditions, are not supportive to provide adequate nutrients to crops especially micronutrients. The book in hand is an attempt to alleviate the menace of low production and have encompasses valuable information on various nutrient concentrations of pre and post harvest soil AB-DTPA extractable P and Zn, soil available SO4-S, leaf P concentration, plants density, maize grain yield of variety Jalal. This book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students.

The book in hand provide valuable information on Sugarcane varieties development/breeding, being an important sugar and cash crop of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, providing employment opportunity, gigantic amount of revenue and foreign exchange savings. Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L. )"honey without the help of bees" is one of the important sugar crop of Pakistan. It is cultivated on 11 m ha every year on the World level , produced 850 m tons of cane and productivity of 51 metric tons ha-1. In Pakistan it is grown in three distinct climatic zones i.e. the temperate Peshawar valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sub tropical Punjab, and tropical Sindh. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it was grown since the Mogul period. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should in each and every library around the country.

The book encompasses valuable information on identification of supervier wheat genotypes under moisture stress and irrigated environments. Drought limit the seed production especially wheat, as the crop is grown in areas where artificial means of irrigation are either lacking or inadequate. Low yield of wheat is also due to moisture stress during its growth period, mainly due to uncertain rainfall. The solutions include the development of different irrigation systems which require huge expenses. The best option is to develop drought tolerant wheat genotypes. Therefore, the screening of elite and exotic wheat germplasm for drought tolerant was preferred to develop desirable wheat varieties with greater yield potential under both irrigated and rainfed conditions which can boost up grain yield. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should in each and every library around the country.

The book in hand can furnish baseline information about transition metal complexes synthesized by the reaction of metal salts with Schiff base derived from aniline and salicylaldehyde. All these complexes soluble in DMSO have been characterized through physical techniques such as melting point and elemental analysis, it has been observed that organic ligand bound to central metal atom through the oxygen bond of hydroxyl group, the physical state of metal complexes after reaction with the ligand vary from metal to metal. The complex confirmation was made through melting point and also through elemental analysis. The IR data of the complexes provide sufficient information about the geometry of complexes. Therefore it should be in every scientific library around the country.

Maize is the most important cereal crop of the world after wheat and rice, growing everywhere in the irrigated as well as in rain-fed areas. Botanically, it is known as Zea mays L. and belongs to family Poaceae. It is an annual cross pollinated crop. Maize is grown as food as well as fodder crop and is the second most important crop after wheat in KPK Pakistan. Maize is the staple food of rural population in Pakistan. As a grain crop, maize is a rich source of food and it is also used on large scale in industries for manufacturing of corn oil, corn flakes, corn syrup and corn sugar.

Mosquito-borne diseases not only cause high levels of mortality, but also inflict great economic impact.Mosquitoes are the important man-biting vectors. It acts as a serious Vector of lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, st Lous encephalitis, avian malaria and schistosomiasis etc. Dengue fever is an emerging disease that affects people in more than 100 countries. Which increased fourfold since 1970 and nearly half the world’s population is now at risk. In 1990, nearly 30% of the world population, 1.5 billion people, lived in regions where the estimated risk of dengue transmission was greater than 50%. Culex quinquefasciatus, a vector of lymphatic filariasis is found mostly in temperate regions of the world, throughout the tropics and subtropics. Phytochemicals have a major role in the mosquito control program. It provides an alternative to synthetic pesticides because of their low environmental pollution, low toxicity to humans and other advantages. Phytochemicals derived from plant sources can act as larvicides, insect growth regulators, repellents, and oviposition attractants and can play an important role in its control.The book in hand can ben assest for zoologist.

Insect damage in stored food grains may amount to 10%-40% in countries where modern storage technologies have not been introduced. The loss of the olive crop due to the damage inflicted mainly by Dacus oleae (Insecta, diptera), range from 10 to 70%. According to FAO the loss annually by insects and rodent pests is 10 to 25% of world harvested food. In Pakistan, fruit flies cause a loss of around Rs.7 million annually. While according to another report, in Pakistan about 2 - 6% food grain production is lost every year during storage by stored grain insect pests. Similarly the total post harvest loss of wheat is about 7.37% out of which 3.24% was due to stored grain insect pests. Therefore, the control of these flies and other insect pests is an important health concern. Flies and mosquitoes (Dipterans species) constitute two major groups of nuisance species in rural and urban environments and remains a major source of illness and death worldwide. Mosquitoes alone transmit disease to more than 700 million people annually. This can be valuable book for agriculturist, planners and allied stalk holders.

Agriculture is an important sector of the country economy providing basic commodity of the daily use. It has tremendous role in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa because 83 percent of its population is dwelling in rural areas putting a high pressure on land resources. The total cultivated area in Khyhber Pakhtunkhwa is 2.75 million ha. Tobacco is an important role in the social and economic life of farmers. The production of tobacco in the province is at high rate, tobacco grows more or less in all districts of Pakistan but about 60% grown in Swabi district. Tobacco is at second position for the generation of the revenue for Pakistan. The study is an attempt to describe the role of tobacco production in the economy of Pakistan and also to examine the problem which the tobacco growers faces at different stages of processing The book in hand furnishes base line information about the role of tobacco in the national economy of Pakistan.

Pakistani citizens are paying a high price for the pollution of their water supply. Annually about 40,000 children are die from drinking contaminated or polluted water, and 60 % of infant deaths are caused by water-borne diseases. Every fifth person in the country suffers from illness associated with pollution, and 40 %t of deaths in urban centers is caused by unsafe water. All the sewage eventually is dumped into waterways. On top of that, hundreds of tons of solid waste from the two cities are added every day. Hospitals, medical schools, textile and marble factories all make their special contribution to the polluted water. In Pakistan about 47 % of the population has no access to safe drinking water, and nearly 84 % of the rural population is deprived of sanitation facilities. Water-borne diseases account for 20 to 30 percent of infant deaths in Pakistan, and pollution contributes to the incidence of cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, diarrhea, dysentery, yellow fever and malaria. The book in hand can be useful for students, research and allied stalk holders.

In Pakistan potato is one of the leading vegetable, cultivated on 145 thousand ha, produced 2941.3 thousand tons with average productivity of 20.3 tons ha-1, which is far below the average yield obtained by other potato growing countries of the world. This low yield is attributed to numerous factors, but plant nutrition emerged one of the major one. The book in hand can furnish baseline information on the methods of fertilizer application. This book is useful for the agriculture students, researchers and allied stalk holders.