Лучшие книги Францискуса Бернардуса Марии "Франса" де Вааля

На протяжении многих лет всемирно известный биолог Франс де Вааль изучал жизнь шимпанзе и обезьян бонобо. В процессе исследований он выявил явные зачатки этического поведения в сообществе приматов. По мнению автора, мораль - не сугубо человеческое свойство, и ее истоки нужно искать у животных. Эмпатия и другие проявления своего рода нравственности присущи и обезьянам, и собакам, и слонам, и даже рептилиям. Помимо увлекательного рассказа об этических формах поведения в мире приматов автор поднимает глубокие философские вопросы, связанные с наукой и религией. Как и когда возникла мораль? Какое влияние оказала религия на формирование…

В течение большей части прошедшего столетия наука была чрезмерно осторожна и скептична в отношении интеллекта животных. Исследователи поведения животных либо не задумывались об их интеллекте, либо отвергали само это понятие. Большинство обходило эту тему стороной. Но времена меняются. Не проходит и недели, как появляются новые сообщения о сложности познавательных процессов у животных, часто сопровождающиеся видеоматериалами в Интернете в качестве подтверждения. Какие способы коммуникации практикуют животные и есть ли у них подобие речи? Могут ли животные узнавать себя в зеркале? Свойственны ли животным дружба и душевная…

Первое издание книги Франса де Валя "Политика у шимпанзе: Власть и секс у приматов" было хорошо встречено не только приматологами за ее научные достижения, но также политиками, бизнес-лидерами и социальными психологами за глубокое понимание самых базовых человеческих потребностей и поведения людей. Четверть века спустя эта книга стала считаться классикой. Вместе с новым введением, в котором излагаются самые свежие идеи автора, это юбилейное издание содержит подробное описание соперничества и коалиций среди высших приматов — действий, которыми руководит интеллект, а не инстинкты. Показывая, что шимпанзе поступают так, словно они читали…

Испытывают ли животные гордость, стыд, вину или отвращение, как и мы, люди? Есть ли у них чувство справедливости и благодарности? Могут ли собаки смеяться и скорбеть, способны ли слоны утешать друг друга, а обезьяны завидовать, плести интриги и выстраивать планы мести? Чувствуют ли боль рыбы и умеют ли любить птицы? Что общего в поведении альфа-самцов шимпанзе и современных политиков? В этой доброй и умной книге, помимо трогательной истории шимпанзе по имени Мама, известный приматолог Франс де Вааль рассказывает о своих многочисленных наблюдениях и экспериментах, посвященных изучению эмоций самых разных животных. Наряду с гневом и…

Книга одного из известнейших приматологов мира Франса де Вааля посвящена эволюционным истокам человеческой натуры, ее двойственности и биологическим корням.

Де Вааль рассматривает четыре ключевые стороны нашей природы — стремление к власти, потребность в сексе, склонность к актам насилия и проявлениям доброты — и на основании многолетних наблюдений за человекообразными обезьянами доказывает, что все это в полной мере характерно и для них.

В своей работе он приводит аргументы в пользу представления о человеке как о социальном животном, «биполярной обезьяне», равно похожей на агрессивных, склонных к конкуренции шимпанзе и эмпатичных гедонистов-бонобо. Не игнорируя низменные стороны человеческой природы, де Вааль уделяет особое внимание ее положительным, нравственным проявлениям и тому, как две эти стороны сочетаются и дополняют друг друга, будучи одинаково важными для эволюции нашего вида и для выживания цивилизации в целом.

В мире людей, как и в мире животных, представители разных полов ведут себя неодинаково. Всемирно известный приматолог Франс де Вааль более сорока лет наблюдает за обезьянами и в дикой природе, и в исследовательских центрах. На страницах книги он задается вопросами, которые лежат в основе любой дискуссии о гендерной идентичности. Проводя аналогии между животными и людьми, ученый ставит под сомнение многие общественные стереотипы в отношении мужчин и женщин. В частности, всегда ли мужскую агрессию или склонность к доминированию можно объяснить биологией? Или это больше навязано социумом? Автор противопоставляет жестокости шимпанзе миролюбивость бонобо, лидерству самцов одного вида обезьян — матриархат другого. Опираясь на научные данные, де Вааль доказывает: чтобы понимать природу, обусловливающую разницу между мужским и женским началом, надо увидеть все разнообразие качеств приматов и других млекопитающих, не отдавая предпочтения какому-либо гендеру. Мы разные, чтобы жить вместе.

This remarkable primate with the curious name is challenging established views on human evolution. The bonobo, least known of the great apes, is a female-centered, egalitarian species that has been dubbed the "make-love-not-war" primate by specialists. In bonobo society, females form alliances to intimidate males, sexual behavior (in virtually every partner combination) replaces aggression and serves many social functions, and unrelated groups mingle instead of fighting. The species's most striking achievement is not tool use or warfare but sensitivity to others.

In the first book to combine and compare data from captivity and the field, Frans de Waal, a world-renowned primatologist, and Frans Lanting, an internationally acclaimed wildlife photographer, present the most up-to-date perspective available on the bonobo. Focusing on social organization, de Waal compares the bonobo with its better-known relative, the chimpanzee. The bonobo's relatively nonviolent behavior and the tendency for females to dominate males confront the evolutionary models derived from observing the chimpanzee's male power politics, cooperative hunting, and intergroup warfare. Further, the bonobo's frequent, imaginative sexual contacts, along with its low reproduction rate, belie any notion that the sole natural purpose of sex is procreation. Humans share over 98 percent of their genetic material with the bonobo and the chimpanzee. Is it possible that the peaceable bonobo has retained traits of our common ancestor that we find hard to recognize in ourselves?

Eight superb full-color photo essays offer a rare view of the bonobo in its native habitat in the rain forests of Zaire as well as in zoos and research facilities. Additional photographs and highlighted interviews with leading bonobo experts complement the text. This book points the way to viable alternatives to male-based models of human evolution and will add considerably to debates on the origin of our species. Anyone interested in primates, gender issues, evolutionary psychology, and exceptional wildlife photography will find a fascinating companion in Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape.

To observe a dog's guilty look, to witness a gorilla's self-sacrifice for a wounded mate, to watch an elephant herd's communal effort on behalf of a stranded calf--to catch animals in certain acts is to wonder what moves them. Might there he a code of ethics in the animal kingdom? Must an animal be human to he humane? In this provocative book, a renowned scientist takes on those who have declared ethics uniquely human Making a compelling case for a morality grounded in biology, he shows how ethical behavior is as much a matter of evolution as any other trait, in humans and animals alike.

World famous for his brilliant descriptions of Machiavellian power plays among chimpanzees-the nastier side of animal life--Frans de Waal here contends that animals have a nice side as well. Making his case through vivid anecdotes drawn from his work with apes and monkeys and holstered by the intriguing, voluminous data from his and others' ongoing research, de Waal shows us that many of the building blocks of morality are natural: they can he observed in other animals. Through his eyes, we see how not just primates but all kinds of animals, from marine mammals to dogs, respond to social rules, help each other, share food, resolve conflict to mutual satisfaction, even develop a crude sense of justice and fairness.

Natural selection may be harsh, but it has produced highly successful species that survive through cooperation and mutual assistance. De Waal identifies this paradox as the key to an evolutionary account of morality, and demonstrates that human morality could never have developed without the foundation of fellow feeling our species shares with other animals. As his work makes clear, a morality grounded in biology leads to an entirely different conception of what it means to he human--and humane.

In this lively and illuminating discussion of his landmark research, esteemed primatologist Frans de Waal argues that human morality is not imposed from above but instead comes from within. Moral behavior does not begin and end with religion but is in fact a product of evolution.

For many years, de Waal has observed chimpanzees soothe distressed neighbors and bonobos share their food. Now he delivers fascinating fresh evidence for the seeds of ethical behavior in primate societies that further cements the case for the biological origins of human fairness. Interweaving vivid tales from the animal kingdom with thoughtful philosophical analysis, de Waal seeks a bottom-up explanation of morality that emphasizes our connection with animals. In doing so, de Waal explores for the first time the implications of his work for our understanding of modern religion. Whatever the role of religious moral imperatives, he sees it as a “Johnny-come-lately” role that emerged only as an addition to our natural instincts for cooperation and empathy.
But unlike the dogmatic neo-atheist of his book’s title, de Waal does not scorn religion per se. Instead, he draws on the long tradition of humanism exemplified by the painter Hieronymus Bosch and asks reflective readers to consider these issues from a positive perspective: What role, if any, does religion play for a well-functioning society today? And where can believers and nonbelievers alike find the inspiration to lead a good life?

Rich with cultural references and anecdotes of primate behavior, The Bonobo and the Atheist engagingly builds a unique argument grounded in evolutionary biology and moral philosophy. Ever a pioneering thinker, de Waal delivers a heartening and inclusive new perspective on human nature and our struggle to find purpose in our lives.

Are we our brothers' keepers? Do we have an instinct for compassion? Or are we, as is often assumed, only on earth to serve our own survival and interests? In this thought-provoking book, the acclaimed author of Our Inner Ape examines how empathy comes naturally to a great variety of animals, including humans.

By studying social behaviors in animals, such as bonding, the herd instinct, the forming of trusting alliances, expressions of consolation, and conflict resolution, Frans de Waal demonstrates that animals–and humans–are "preprogrammed to reach out." He has found that chimpanzees care for mates that are wounded by leopards, elephants offer "reassuring rumbles" to youngsters in distress, and dolphins support sick companions near the water's surface to prevent them from drowning. From day one humans have innate sensitivities to faces, bodies, and voices; we've been designed to feel for one another.

De Waal's theory runs counter to the assumption that humans are inherently selfish, which can be seen in the fields of politics, law, and finance, and whichseems to be evidenced by the current greed-driven stock market collapse. But he cites the public's outrage at the U.S. government's lack of empathy in the wake of Hurricane Katrina as a significant shift in perspective–one that helped Barack Obama become elected and ushered in what may well become an Age of Empathy. Through a better understanding of empathy's survival value in evolution, de Waal suggests, we can work together toward a more just society based on a more generous and accurate view of human nature.

Written in layman's prose with a wealth of anecdotes, wry humor, and incisive intelligence, The Age of Empathy is essential reading for our embattled times.

"It's the animal in us," we often hear when we've been bad. But why not when we're good? Primates and Philosophers tackles this question by exploring the biological foundations of one of humanity's most valued traits: morality.

In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our "selfish" genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling the good things we do as "humane." Seeking the origin of human morality not in evolution but in human culture, science insists that we are moral by choice, not by nature.

Citing remarkable evidence based on his extensive research of primate behavior, de Waal attacks "Veneer Theory," which posits morality as a thin overlay on an otherwise nasty nature. He explains how we evolved from a long line of animals that care for the weak and build cooperation with reciprocal transactions. Drawing on both Darwin and recent scientific advances, de Waal demonstrates a strong continuity between human and animal behavior. In the process, he also probes issues such as anthropomorphism and human responsibilities toward animals.

Based on the Tanner Lectures de Waal delivered at Princeton University's Center for Human Values in 2004, Primates and Philosophers includes responses by the philosophers Peter Singer, Christine M. Korsgaard, and Philip Kitcher and the science writer Robert Wright. They press de Waal to clarify the differences between humans and other animals, yielding a lively debate that will fascinate all those who wonder about the origins and reach of human goodness.

In this absorbing collection of 128 duotones, primatologist Waal shares evidence he has collected over the past 30 years ton primate sociability and emotional intelligence. Rather than harp on the tired theme, "they're more like us than you think,"

To watch apes dressed in human clothing and mimicking human manners--an old standby in films and television shows--can make some human viewers uncomfortable, writes the noted primatologist Frans de Waal. Somehow, by doing so, the apes are crossing

Does biology condemn the human species to violence and war? Previous studies of animal behavior incline us to answer yes, but the message of this book is considerably more optimistic. Without denying our heritage of aggressive behavior, Frans de Waal describes powerful checks and balances in the makeup of our closest animal relatives, and in so doing he shows that to humans making peace is as natural as making war. In this meticulously researched and absorbing account, we learn in detail how different types of simians cope with aggression, and how they make peace after fights. Chimpanzees, for instance, reconcile with a hug and a kiss,…